Hachi's posts

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From sugar source (producer of sugar by photosynthesis or starch breakdown) to sugar sink (consumer or depository of sugar)

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Phloem sap - mostly sugar (sucrose) and some amino acids, hormones, minerals

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Sieve-tube elements arranged end-to-end, separated by porous sieve plates

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Translocation - transport of products of photosynthesis, carried out by phloem

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Physiological or morphological adaptations: fleshy stems (store water for later use), reduced leaves and photosynthetic stems (resist water loss), CAM photosynthesis (CO2 uptake at night, stomata closed in daytime)

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Some desert plants complete their life cycle (seed germinates → bloom) entirely in one rainy season

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Xerophytes - plants adapted to dry environments, reduce water loss

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More available water allows plants to keep stomata open and take up more CO2

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Water availability is a major determinant of plant productivity

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Transpiration → evaporative cooling. Prevents denaturation of plant proteins

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If transpiration can’t pull water to the leaves → shoot loses turgor pressure, wilts

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Open stomata → transpiration is high when sunny, warm, dry, and windy

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Turgor is necessary for cell elongation → growth ceases in drought

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Reduces wilting but also slows rate of photosynthesis